toughness in sport and exercise contexts, with an emphasis on publication and. 485 Table 1. atcXjiTbAq2nV24dua3Aayri3E-" referrerpolicy="origin" target="_blank">See full list on condorperformance. Mental Toughness Inventory. , & van Wersch, A. In this study, the Psychometric validation . Feb 23, 2018 · Mental toughness. This long-time remote learning is very challenging to some university students. The total score of this questionnaire ranges from 14 to 56. Nov 5, 2022 · They know what sport activity in sports participation, scoring was calculated by looking at various sporting situations. The Mental Toughness Questionnaire MTQ has different forms to fit your. participated by completing the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), . The mental toughness in sport questionnaire (MTSQ) pres-ents accurate and reliable operationalisation of stress re-sistance dimensions. operationalisation via the Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48 (MTQ48) . “I am committed to the tasks I have to do”), and constancy (e. Full-text PDF: http://www. This test is very objective. 5 years; SD = 5. Oct 30, 2018 · According to Dosil (2008), the role of the sport psychologist is to strengthen the toughness of the tough-minded and toughen up the soft-minded. Appreciate you being here, and it is good to be here for us. 2 days ago · Hammell's departure at Motherwell throws up personnel and tactical questions before Wednesday's meeting with St Mirren. The MTQ Plus takes approximately 15 minutes to measure Mental Toughness. The teacher-student relationship in one-to-one singing lessons : a longitudinal investigation of personality and adult attachment. The MTQ-18 derives from the longer MTQ- . Weegy: Working through pain: can lead to lifelong injuries. You could not and no-one else going similar to book stock . can lead to lifelong injuries. Concern themselves with their talents and abilities – Mentally tough athletes don’t try to please others nor do they resent the success of other athletes. Dec 20, 2017 · The Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ): A psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version B. The SMTQ measures global MT and three subscales:. Dec 18, 2018 · There were statistically significant differences in overall mental toughness, confidence and control. I have completed post graduation. What this means is that the answers they you give will determine the results. As someone who grew up playing team sports, achieving victory in the face of defeat while working in collaboration with peers was the ultimate endeavor. Therefore, the aims of the present study were three-fold: to explore, to what extent psychological profiles of preschoolers at the age of five years pre-dicted mental toughness scores and sleep disturbances at the age of 14 years, and to explore possible gender differences. , 1= not at all true to 4= very true. Feb 5, 2023 · Escaped or survived, take your pick. toughness in sport and exercise contexts, with an emphasis on publication and. , 1= not at all true to 4= very true. Participants and procedure The group of participants consisted of. the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire. Feb 6, 2023 · The 3 mental stats are a little iffy yeah. This study examines the construct validity of an original self-report instrument for the assessment of mental toughness: the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). MTQ enables users to assess their scores before and after a training or development programme has been undertaken. Feb 6, 2023 · While the words “mental toughhe Sixers acknowledge that they still have some work to do after blowing a 21-point lead in a loss to the New York Knicks on Sunday. The 18-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-18) is a brief, widely used measure of mental toughness. toughness in sport and exercise contexts, with an emphasis on publication and. The total score of this questionnaire ranges from 14 to 56. To start with . Tel: 01244 572050; Fax 01244 572051; e-mail: headoffice@aqr. This 48-item questionnaire assesses total mental toughness, as well as six subcomponents: challenge, commitment, interpersonal confidence, confidence in own . All of the MTQ. In his first game against the Jazz, Hart scored 11 points, with seven rebounds, four assists, and. The ―Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ-14)‖ developed by Sheard et al. The study aim was to determine mental toughness profiles via latent profile analysis in endurance athletes and whether associations exist between the latent profiles and demographics and sports. Aug 23, 2019 · The closest your final score tracks to 50, the more mentally tough you are. Mar 9, 2016 · Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) The SMTQ ( 21) was used to measure MT. Mar 27, 2021 · Whereas an athlete with low mental toughness, may feel they have no influence on what they are doing, and decisions are outside of their remit, which can have. Dec 31, 2020 · Self-compassion (SC) and mental toughness (MT) are two psychological constructs that have been shown effective against stressors associated with sports. 17—The Georgia Bulldogs women's soccer team entered conference play riding a five-game winning streak, pushing their record to 6-2. 05), medalists scored . scores in positive cognition, visualization, total mental toughness, and. Mental toughness, stress, stress appraisal, coping and coping effectiveness in sport. The 18-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-18) is a shortened assessment of mental toughness based on the much longer MTQ-48, which is a 48-item questionnaire rooted in the 4C mental. They back down from the challenge in both realm it feels like. Jul 17, 2019 · Each subscale contains six items, each scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with scores for each subscale ranging from 6 to 30, and for total mental toughness ranging from 42 to 210. Dec 1, 2016 · The ’Cats won’t have to wait long to see just how realistic those expectations are when they face off against Kentucky Country Day in the Ohio Valley Hoops Classic 1:45 p. The SMTQ is a 14-item tool that measures total MT and has three sub-scales: confidence (e. Researchers have. Pursue excellence, not perfection – Mentally tough athletes have. Athletes are painted as unshakable and resolute, their physical. Overall Score: A score of 26-30 indicates strength in overall mental toughness. The MTQ-18 derives from the longer MTQ-48,. These scales are made. Dec 31, 2020 · Self-compassion (SC) and mental toughness (MT) are two psychological constructs that have been shown effective against stressors associated with sports. A Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire, MT Inventory, and the International PA Questionnaire was completed online. The objective of this study was to adapt the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) for use in Turkey, and to test its reliability and validity. Appreciate you being here, and it is good to be here for us. Add up. , 2009) was administered; while to assess PWB,. toughness in team sports and individual sports of Punjab. The internal reliability (coefficient alpha) of the MHRM Total Score was. 1 day ago · The Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) is a questionnaire that assesses the competitive trait anxiety experienced by athletes before or during competition. , & van Wersch, A. 45 ± 69. that 14 athletes had high mental toughness scores and 10 athletes had . (2009) to assess the mental toughness of sports athletes. 0, P =0. 2(9), 159-175. Control; PPI-A; Total MT Score of Psychological Performance . High internal consistency scores and. Uit onderzoek is gebleken dat. 81 years; SD = 2. Mental Toughness Inventory. attributes: Self-confidence (SCO: p=0. 485 Table 1. Flexibility to work with different clients across multiple settings. International Sports 30 January 2019 Hits: 299. We finished up a couple weeks on the road, so it’s always good to get back and kind of get reacquainted with everybody in the building. “I worry about performing poorly”) [ 17 ]. , Sheard et al. This 15-item inventory is designed to measure mental toughness in cricket, namely affective intelligence, desire to achieve, resilience, attentional control, and self. Aug 21, 2017 · Background: Stress resistance is very substantial and interesting for scientists, competitors, coaches, and psychologists. partners is safe and legit. MEASURES OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS 2 Abstract This paper tested relations between two measures of mental toughness. Mar 28, 2021 · Patience, understanding, and the ability to motivate others. You may have heard someone refer to a score as a quantity and wondered what it means. measured with “Sports Mental Toughness. WHAT IS YOUR MENTAL TOUGHNESS SCORE. Feb 4, 2023 · Another fight, another solid performance and win for Barboza, who stays unbeaten at 28-0 (10 KO) on scores of 96-94, 96-94, and 97-93. The results of the questionnaire that they are. Aug 11, 2019 · measures, namely Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire and Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Sport governing bodies should assess their. Bad Left Hook’s two unofficial cards were also 96-94 and 97-93. Apr 23, 2017 · To assess mental toughness, the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) (Sheard et al. The SMTQ consists of 14 items with responses rated on a 4-point Likert scale anchored by "not at all true" and "very true. " 2. Problem-solving and decision-making skills. Jan 30, 2019 · After Barbados bruising, England ponder changes. The training of sports psychology programmes is key to success. Development and preliminary validation of the Cricket Mental Toughness Inventory. The Bulldogs closed non-conference play with a 2-0. The concept of PWB has been introduced in eudaimonic part as the realization of potential through some form of struggle. 6 Agu 2019. score on SPCL reflects greater mental health problems in university students. eigen kunnen en omgaan met concurrentie en tegenslagen. Here in this post, we are sharing the “Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire”. With a random of 633 athletes (427 female, 206 females; M age = 21. The "Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ-14)" developed by Sheard. Jul 17, 2019 · Mental toughness refers to a collection of psychological characteristic which are central to optimal performance. The MTQ-18 derives from the longer MTQ- . "Even when under considerable pressure I usually remain calm. Control; PPI-A; Total MT Score of Psychological Performance . Feb 10, 2023 · Mental toughness as hardiness at a snooker task was a sample of suicidality in. The Mental Toughness Team Dr Peter Clough BSc (Hons), MA, PhD, Chartered Psychologist, BASES, Accredited Sports Psychologist The University of Hull, Department of Psychology Dr Peter Clough is the Head of Psychology at the University of Hull. Apr 15, 2014 · It also included a mental hardiness rating of players by two coaches, and examined differences in hardiness and mental toughness between national and. Dec 24, 2022 · To assess MT, The Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48 (MTQ48; Clough et al. MTQ PLUS, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, measures an individual's resilience and ability to cope with pressure and change around scales of Challenge, Control, Commitment and Confidence. The Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ): A psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version · B. Your SCAT score is: The test can be repeated by selecting the "Reset" button. “I am committed to the tasks I have to do”), and constancy (e. This study was part of research funded. Feb 14, 2023 · It’s hard to make a much better first impression than Josh Hart has with the New York Knicks. The ―Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ-14)‖ developed by Sheard et al. Mental Toughness Explanatory Note ©AQR 2011 - Innovations in Improving Performance For further information please contact AQR Ltd. The average ( {SMTQ-M % + PPI-A %} ÷ 2) mean score was 77% (SD = 7. “I have an unshakable confidence in my ability”), control (e. A number of studies (e. Then that scores was analyzed according to scale. = 14. Analysis Analysis of the result is by comparing it with previous tests' results. Feb 5, 2023 · Escaped or survived, take your pick. This means that these assessments are inherently less objective than most physical tests. To investigate the dimensionality of the. The Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) was chosen as the criterion measure on the basis that it is a more established measure of mental. Conclusions: The questionnaires (SMTQ-M and PPI-A) correlated well in their outcome scores. Active interest in sports. Mental Toughness is a phrase often used to describe an athlete's ability to get. Article Metrics. Feb 13, 2018 · User Manual - AQR International. Aug 28, 2017 · Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) and the Psychological Performance Inventory (PPI-A) [12,13]. More specifically, the SMTQ measures. Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). This questionnaire assesses 8 subscales: Challenge, commitment, control, emotional control, life control, confidence, confidence in abilities, and interpersonal confidence. mental toughness development is contingent on athletes. sub-dimensions which are scored with a four point Likert type scale. (2009) to assess the mental toughness of sports athletes. Despite sampling items from across MTQ-48 dimensions, the MTQ-18 (as intended) provides a global, unidimensional score. It is a 14-item inventory which was anchored on 4-point Likert-type scale i. Dec 1, 2016 · The consensus that mental toughness (MT), as a psychological construct, is an indispensible factor for athletic achievement, success, and excellence (Clough, Earle,. The study included 196 male Polish esports players (mean: 20. A major area of interest (and one where he is now an acknowledged authority) is Mental Toughness. Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). The MTQ48 provides a total MT score and measures six subscales of challenge, commitment, emotional. There are transcripts of our podcasts for a hard-of-hearing audience. An online survey was used to examine eight mental. Dec 31, 2020 · Self-compassion (SC) and mental toughness (MT) are two psychological constructs that have been shown effective against stressors associated with. Although people don’t use the term much anymore, you can find examples of it in literature and history. 79), this difference just failed to reach a significant level, U =26,778. Analysis Analysis of the result is by comparing it with previous tests' results. Mental toughness and resilience development. can help you develop mental toughness. Here in this post, we are sharing the “Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire”. , 2009) was administered; while to assess PWB, Ryff's PWB scale (1989a) were given to volunteer participants. The MTQ Plus takes approximately 15 minutes to measure Mental Toughness. The Mental Toughness Questionnaire MTQ has different forms to fit your. HeadSet is the first mobile app . O D. The Mental Toughness Questionnaire for Athletes and Players (MTQ-A) below resolves. uk Mental Toughness and the Mental Toughness Questionnaire– MTQ48. User Manual - AQR International. mental toughness development is contingent on athletes. “I have an unshakable confidence in my ability”), control (e. atcXjiTbAq2nV24dua3Aayri3E-" referrerpolicy="origin" target="_blank">See full list on condorperformance. Translating In-practice Repetition into In-game Statistical Performance Improvement; Mental Game & Confidence in Basketball; Winning the 4th Quarter with Mental Toughness and Perseverance; Here is How to Overcome a Loss of Confidence; 4 Reminders to Increase Your Mental Toughness. All of our MTQs are self-report measures. Jul 17, 2019 · Mental toughness refers to a collection of psychological characteristic which are central to optimal performance. Results: Veterans scored higher than elite and sub-elite athletes on MT . Development and preliminary validation of the Cricket Mental Toughness Inventory. (2004) Mental Toughness Questionnaire. , 2009) was administered; while to assess PWB, Ryff's PWB scale (1989a) were given to volunteer participants. To listen to. Jan 30, 2019 · After Barbados bruising, England ponder changes. These new members of the Kent GRIT family join CJ Cox, Colin Ferrell, Jeremiah Johnson and Matt Johnson on Coach Burns' staff. 9396 User: Select the best answer for the question. The Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48; Clough, Earle, & Sewell, 2002) contains 48 items that are scored on a five-point Likert scale ranging from . 5, P <0. State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire. Results: Veterans scored higher than elite and sub-elite athletes on MT . Feb 7, 2023 · Whether it’s crossing the finish line, scoring the winning basket, or hitting an unreturnable ball, victory and achievement dominate our views of sports. , 1= not at all true to 4= very true. The study aim was to determine mental toughness profiles via latent profile analysis in endurance athletes and whether associations exist between the latent profiles and demographics and sports. Here in this post, we are sharing the “Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire”. The ―Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ-14)‖ developed by Sheard et al. , 2009) was administered; while to assess PWB, Ryff's PWB scale (1989a) were given to volunteer participants. The objective of this study was to adapt the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) for use in Turkey, and to test its reliability and validity. questionnaire consists of three subscales: self-. uk Mental Toughness and the Mental Toughness Questionnaire– MTQ48. Methods: Two self-assessment questionnaires (modified Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire [SMTQ-M] and Psychological Performance Inventory [PPI-A]) were completed by 20 male professional footballers. Only your opinion will count. Mental toughness, stress, stress appraisal, coping and coping effectiveness in sport. Mar 28, 2021 · The MTQ48 scores individuals on their mental toughness according to the four Cs: control, commitment, challenge, and confidence (Crust & Clough, 2005). O D. A summary of mental toughness scores are presented in. Results showed that attitudes,. can help you develop mental toughness. 79), this difference just failed to reach a significant level, U =26,778. ‘One method I used to collect data on the mental factor (anxiety) was the Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). participated by completing the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), . 81 years; SD = 2. MTQ PLUS, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, measures an individual's resilience and ability to cope with pressure and change around scales of Challenge, Control, Commitment and Confidence. 18 Nov 2021. Apr 23, 2017 · To assess mental toughness, the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) (Sheard et al. 46 ± 3. Mental Toughness Explanatory Note ©AQR 2011 - Innovations in Improving Performance For further information please contact AQR Ltd. Authors Neil Dagnall 1 , Andrew Denovan 1 , Kostas A Papageorgiou 2 , Peter Joseph Clough 3 , Andrew Parker 1 , Kenneth Graham Drinkwater 1. 98) than the other recruits (Mdn =0. lesbian sisscor
Jul 3, 2018 · According to the findings; attention (tennis: 514. . Sports mental toughness questionnaire scoring
User Manual - AQR International. Feb 10, 2023 · Mental toughness as hardiness at a snooker task was a sample of suicidality in. Feb 23, 2018 · Mental toughness in endurance athletes, while an important factor for success, has been scarcely studied. 46, p <. O C. You could not and no-one else going similar to book stock . Article (PDF). The MTQ Plus takes approximately 15 minutes to measure Mental Toughness. Only your opinion will count. , & van Wersch, A. Results: Veterans scored higher than elite and sub-elite athletes on MT . What this means is that the answers they you give will determine the results. The Mental Toughness Team Dr Peter Clough BSc (Hons), MA, PhD, Chartered Psychologist, BASES, Accredited Sports Psychologist The University of Hull, Department of Psychology Dr Peter Clough is the Head of Psychology at the University of Hull. David Charlton shares insights, strategies and stories from leading athletes, coaches, psychologists and specialists to help you perform to your optimum level on a more. The SMTQ is based on a conceptualization of mental toughness from a positive psychology “mindset” perspective,. Sports psychology includes goal setting, relaxation training, guided imagery, and cognitive-behavioral training to improve concentration, focus and mental toughness. the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire. Data collection took place in a group setting, at coaches’ convenience, during a team meeting or practice session. (2009) to assess the mental toughness of sports athletes. The teacher-student relationship in one-to-one singing lessons : a longitudinal investigation of personality and adult attachment. Mental toughness and resilience development. 15—LAPEL — Physically and mentally drained by the same illness that had spread through her entire team's roster in recent days, Lapel senior Kerith Renihan somehow found the strength to put the basketball she could barely lift through the hoop on four key free throws late in the Bulldogs' 39-37 regional championship win over. 07, P <. 1 day ago · The Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) is a questionnaire that assesses the competitive trait anxiety experienced by athletes before or during competition. Getting the books Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire Smtq now is not type of inspiring means. Jan 30, 2019 · After Barbados bruising, England ponder changes. All of the MTQ. = 14. Jan 1, 2018 · The main aim of the article was the psychometric examination of mental toughness in the sport questionnaire (MTSQ). can lead to lifelong injuries. 20 Agu 2017. 07, P <. All of our MTQs are self-report measures. With a sample of 633 athletes (427 males, 206 females; M age = 21. stress; sport psychology; mental. Mental Toughness: The Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire developed by A Dr. Sheard, M. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 1293-1310. Feb 13, 2018 · User Manual - AQR International. , Micoogullari et al. 20 Des 2017. Descriptive point 4. The mental toughness questionnaire (Dr. Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire-SMTQ. Mar 4, 2019 · The MTQ-18 derives from the longer MTQ-48, which comprises four independent but correlated factors (challenge, commitment, control, and confidence). Two independent surveys supported a three-factor (Confidence, Constancy, and Control) 14-item model for the SMTQ. Dec 30, 2022 · DSS can be applied for the evaluation of decentering in sports contexts in order to explore the effectiveness of various mental training programmes and to test processes of change. A sample of 110 male athletes (M age = 20. Looks like mentaltoughness. participated by completing the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), . Statistical Procedure To compare the level of aggression and mental toughness among Para-swimmers and Para-Athletes. This scale was developed by Sheard, et al. These scales are made. 0, P =0. Aug 21, 2019 · Psychometric Assessment of Shortened Mental Toughness Questionnaires (MTQ): Factor Structure of the MTQ-18 and the MTQ-10 Front Psychol. Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire-SMTQ. Items 9 - 14. 2 days ago · Hammell's departure at Motherwell throws up personnel and tactical questions before Wednesday's meeting with St Mirren. " 2. Feb 23, 2018 · Mental toughness. Jul 17, 2019 · Each subscale contains six items, each scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with scores for each subscale ranging from 6 to 30, and for total mental toughness ranging from 42 to 210. Despite sampling items from across MTQ-48 dime. 45 ± 69. Problem-solving and decision-making skills. This means that these assessments are inherently less objective than most physical tests. , 2009) yields a general score derived from Confidence, Constancy, and Control. Appreciate you being here, and it is good to be here for us. Then that scores was analyzed according to scale. 10, P <. Active interest in sports. This test is very objective. What is the Profile of Mood States questionnaire? The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a widespread instrument which measures mood. continue research on mental toughness in sport, including the relationship between mental toughness. Please answer the questions as honestly and accurately as possible. The measure comprises four key components of the personality trait of Mental Toughness, known as the 4C’s Control, Commitment, Challenge and Confidence, and the results. Uit onderzoek is gebleken dat. Feb 7, 2023 · Whether it’s crossing the finish line, scoring the winning basket, or hitting an unreturnable ball, victory and achievement dominate our views of sports. Dec 30, 2022 · DSS can be applied for the evaluation of decentering in sports contexts in order to explore the effectiveness of various mental training programmes and to test processes of change. 04) higher than non-international players. The MTQ-18 derives from the longer MTQ-48, which comprises four independent but correlated factors (challenge, commitment, control, and confidence). Results: Veterans scored higher than elite and sub-elite athletes on MT . The concept of PWB has been introduced in eudaimonic part as the realization of potential through some form of struggle. The SMTQ measures global MT and three subscales:. There were statistically significant. All 100 sportsmen were first of all provided. What this means is that the answers they you give will determine the results. Active interest in sports. In total, 8207 participants. Apr 23, 2017 · Mental toughness has been explained as the ability of an athlete to cope with the requests of practice and competition, improved determination, focus, self-confidence and keeping control under pressure. Mar 28, 2021 · The MTQ48 scores individuals on their mental toughness according to the four Cs: control, commitment, challenge, and confidence (Crust & Clough, 2005). concept of mental toughness in the field of Sport and Exercise psychology. 2014 Jun;36. stress; sport psychology; mental. The 18-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-18) is a brief, widely used measure of mental toughness. Participants respond to items using a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) not at all true, to (4) very true. The purpose of this study was to investigate SC, MT, and MH in a NCAA environment for the first time and provide practical suggestions for MH best practice No. Mar 27, 2021 · Whereas an athlete with low mental toughness, may feel they have no influence on what they are doing, and decisions are outside of their remit, which can have. questionnaire consists of three subscales: self-. Sheard, Golby, & Wersch, 2009) and the Mental, Emotional, . The MTI is an eight-item measure of mental toughness scored using the . questionnaire of Tiwari and Sharma (2006) was administered to the subjects. Results showed that attitudes,. The open and closed questions about mental toughness then generate scores for the five areas of mental toughness – Motivation, Emotions, Thoughts, Unity and . Apr 23, 2017 · To assess mental toughness, the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) (Sheard et al. This means that these. Enthusiasm towards sports psychology have never been a wrong turn in my career. The MTQ Plus takes approximately 15 minutes to measure Mental Toughness. Feb 6, 2023 · University of Wisconsin men's basketball coach Greg Gard says he's happy for Badgers players after a 65-60 victory against Ohio State on Thursday in Columbus, Ohio. Mental toughness and its importance in competitive Sports have been. Enthusiasm towards sports psychology have never been a wrong turn in my career. As a Mental Game Professional, Barb works with teams, coaches and individual athletes in multiple sports to enhance their athletic performance through application of mental game skills that lead to mental toughness for sport and life. 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